Heat exchanger



April 17, 1951 D. E. JACK ET AL HEAT EXCHANGER 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Nov. 21, 1947 s s w w.. M N T 0 M M W m m w f r. 5 W Q f 7 W D 0m K I 6 s\ \u I e1 21 01 3 m film 3 on fig w} f ua 2 H \q\\ o1 m.

April 17, 1951 D. E. JACK ET AL HEAT EXCHANGER 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Q III/I lill Filed Nov. 21, 1947 ATTORNEYS Aprii 317, 1951' D. E. JACK ET AL 9 9 HEAT EXCHANGER Filed Nov. 21, 1947 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 IN VEN'IORS the fluid. being treated.

Patented Apr. 17, 1951 UNITED sures PATENT oFJFicrl. i 2,549,6f8i

HEAT EXCHANGEB DelbertjEJack, N w York, N. andJames, Williamson, Dayton, Ohio, assignorsto 'lhe Duriron Company, Inc., New York, N. Y., a corporationof New York Application November 21, 1947-. Serial No. 787,362

.In the chemical industries, a common and much used unit is aheat exchanger and units of this type are employed both for heating liquids. and for cooling liquids. Generally, the term heat exchanger is applicable to both types al- .though there are usually certain minor differences in the-construction thereof.

In connection with heat exchangers, since the fluids being passed therethrough undergo a change, at least. to the extent of a temperature change, there is often a tendency for. suspended and dissolved. substances to precipitate in the heat exchanger and thereby to clog the passages therein and to impede the fluid flow through the heat exchanger as well as to detract from the efliciency thereof.

":Many times the fluids. which areto be passed through. the heat exchanger. are of a corrosive nature. This is particularly true in connection with hot acids and alkalies. I

. With heat exchangers. for treating corrosive fluids of this nature it. is essential that the material which the said fluid contacts be of a sub-' stance highly resistant to attack by the fluid. One of the best materials. for this purpose is cast iron in high silicon content. iron of this type. is eminently satisfactory for handling corrosive, fluids, it is, at the same time, very diflicult to machine and subsequent. to castingabout the only work that can be done on a. high silicon cast iron is grinding.

With further regard to the handling of corrosive fluids in heat exchangers or, -in. fact, any fluid, it is desirable that there be, no leakage of It is especially desirable that there be no leakageof the treated fluid into. fluid which is exchanging heat with the treated fluid because this contamination might either harm the treating fluidso-that. it couldnot be usedfor another purpose or, if the treated fluid were corrosive might damage the pipes through which the treating fluid was conveyed from the heat exchanger. a The particular object of the present invention is to provide a heat exchangerespecially adapted. for corrosive fluids which, will be efficient in operation but which is inexpensive and simple to construct. 7

Another object of this invention is the provision of a heat exchanger which is veryv easy to clean and, which eliminates, sealed annular While a cast 1% 4 Claims. (01. 285-22) I passages, reverse bends ancl the. like often. .en-

countered in heat exchangers of,

sign.v V r A stillfurther objectis the provision of a heat exchanger having a. silicon bearing cast iron member for conveyin treated fluid. and which is simple to. manufacture. and assemble.

Astill further objectv is the provision of a heat exchanger element. which is adapted for being manifolded with other elements of the same type.

It. is also an object of this invention to pro- Vide an improved article of manufacture for. use in-connection. with heat exchangers and especially .for heat exchangers handling corrosive type fluids.

These and other objects and advantages will become more apparent upon referencev to the following description taken in connection with the accompanyingdrawings in which:

Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section through the left end of a heat exchangeraccording to this invention;

Figure 2 is a continuation of the sectional view shown. in Figure 1 and extends to. the. right st ndard V dcend. of the heatexchanger;

Figure 3 15 a fragmentary view from one of Figures 1 or 2 and shows the inner tube of the heat exchangerin elevation;

:Figures 4 and 5 are sectional views indicated by the lines 44 and 5-.5' respectively of Figure 3. and showing the construction of the baffle memhers-carried by the inner tube; a

Figure 6 is an enlarged View of the sealing arrangement between the tubes at the right end pingement of the incomingsteam directly on the inner tube;

Figure 10 is a viewindicated by the line Ill-40 on liigurev '7 and. shows the end elevation of the heat exchanger;

Figure 11 is a plan view showing how a pair of the heat exchangers can be manifolded -to gether to provide for greater capacity;

Figure 12. is. an end elevation of; the manifold arrangement of Figure 11.; and I Figure. 1.3 is agfragmentary viewshcwinsmcre in detail the key means between the adjoining ends of adjacent of the filler elements of Figure 2.

Referring to the drawings, the arrangement shown in Figures 1 through is that of a cooler. In these figures the cooler or heat exchanger comprises an outer tube it having flanges I2 secured to the ends thereof. Telescoping the outer tube I0 is an inner tube [4 which, at its left end, is necked down as at l6 and has a small annular flange part i8 by means of which a connection is made to an adjacent fltting. The other end of the tube I6 is outwardly flanged as at in a manner best seen in the enlarged view of Figure 6. The end of the tube M at its outwardly flanged end 29 is flat for receiving a fitting 22 which is similar in shape to the end [6 of the tube 14 and is also for the purpose of making a connection with suitable fittings.

At the left end of Figure 1 it will be seen that within the tube i0 and adjacent the end thereof is a ring 24 which provides a backing member for the packing 26 within the tube it and surrounding the tube It. A flange 28 is adapted for being drawn tightl against the packing by the stud and nut-arrangement 30 so that a fluid seal is provided between the tubes.

At the right end of Figure 2 wherein the other ends of the tubes are shown, there is an annular flange 32 which is positioned between the flanged end 26 of the tube Hi and the flange I2 on the end of the tube 10.

Reference to Figures 2 and 6 will reveal that the flange 32 has its inner periphery beveled as at 3 and at an angle with the center line of the tubes which is somewhat smaller than the average angle of bevel of the flange 20 on the tube I4.

In making up the joint shown in Figure 6 and at the right end of Figure 2, a gasket 36 is'placed between the flange 32 and the adjacent flange 12 on thetube l0.

A second gasket 38 is placed between the flange '32 and the flange end 20 of the tube Hi;

Thereafter, when the member 22 is clamped against the end of the tube M by the clamping ring 40 and the studs and nuts 22, the aforementioned gaskets are compressed to provide a tight liquid seal.

It will be apparent, particularly upon reference to Figure 6, that the gasket 38 is confined .to a

greater extent adjacent its outer edge than at its inner edge. This is due in part to the arcuate recess 4:; extending around the flange 20, and in part to the difference in angularity of the bevel 34 on the flange 22 and the bevel on the flange 20. This provides a'wedging action of the gasket 38 such that increases in pressure within the tube ID will merely enhance the sealing action of the gasket rather than bringing about leakage thereof.

At the same time the sealing arrangement at the right end of Figure 2 provides for a certain amount of lateral movement between the ends of the tubes due to any cause, such as difference in thermal expansion of the members, misalignment of the parts in the vertical plane, etc. This is also of value in adjusting the inner tube so that it makes good contact with the fitting to which it is to be connected. It will be understood, in connection with this floating arrangement of the inner tube at its right end, that there is a slight clearance between the inner tube and the outer tube to permit this movement.

The inner tube 44 is shown in Figures 1 and 2 as being provided with a plurality of substantially through the space between the tubes.

annular bafile members 46. These are best seen in Figures 3, 4 and 5 wherein it will be observed that every other baflie member is notched out at one side as indicated at 48 in Figure 4 and the other one notched out as indicated as 50 in Figure 5. This causes the fluid flow between the'inner and outer tubes to take place as indicated by the arrows in Figure 3. The treating fluid passing between the tubes is thus caused to make thorough contact with the outside of the inner tube and is prevented from channeling during its passage between the tubes.

For insuring that there will be a good heat exchange between the fluid surrounding the inner tube and the fluid in the inner tube, there is placed within the passage in the inner tube a filler member 52 which has extending therealong a spiral rib 55. This causes the fluid passing through the inner tube to be conveyed in a relatively thin layer adjacent the wall of the tube and therefore to be in the best possible thermal contact with the said wall. Preferably, the filler member 52 is constructed of a plurality of relatively short elements each of which has a notched end as indicated at 56 for engagement with the next adjacent element. The notched ends are so arranged that the spiral rib on each element will exactly register with the rib on the next adjacent element.

In Figures 1 and 2 the fluid flow through the inner tube is from the right to the left. Since these figures show a heat exchanger to be used as a cooler, the flow of treating fluid through the outer tube is from the left to the right. Accordingly, there is an inlet connection 58 at the left end of Figure 1 and an outlet connection 60 at the right end of Figure 2.

As mentioned before, the heat exchanger of this invention, is especially adapted for treating corrosive fluids. To this end, the tube I4 is formed of a high silicon bearing iron to withstand the corrosive action of the fluid passing therethrough. The filler member 52 is likewise cast of an iron high in silicon content. Because of the silicon content in the iron the machining thereof must.

be maintained at a minimum and it will be observed that the construction illustrated in the drawings is ideally adapted to this since all that is required is a grinding operation on opposite ends of the tube M. The outer tube It] is not subjected to the action of the corrosive fluids and thus can be formed of any suitable material and can be turned or otherwise machined at will It will also be noted in connection with Figures 1 and 2 that it is a very simple matter to completely disassemble the heat exchanger for cleaning the inner and outer tubes, the filler member 52, or the bafiie passages surrounding the inner tube. This provision is of great merit in instances wherein the treated or treating fluid has any tendency to precipitate substances in the passages through the heat exchanger,

It will also be noted that there are no joints within the heat exchanger from which the treated fluid can leak. This positively prevents any contamination of the treating fluid, and when the treated fluid is corrosive, prevents deterioration of the outer tube, the pipes leading thereto, or of the packing between the tubes.

The arrangement shown in Figures 7 through 10 is substantially identical with that shown in Figures 1 through 6 except that it is employed as a device for raising the temperature of the treated fluid. To accomplish this steam is passed Because the steam which is to be passed between the tubes is in a gaseous condition, the baffle members 46 on the outside of the tube I4 can be eliminated as shown in Figures 7 and 8. Otherwise, the construction of the apparatus of Figures '7 and 8 is identical with that of Figures 1 and 2 except that the steam inlet 58 is positioned at the right end of Figure 7 and the outlet 60 is positioned at the left end of Figure 8. This provides for parallel flow of the treated and treating fluids.

To prevent the hot steam from impinging directly on the inner tube l4, it is preferable to position a baffle plate 62 between the tubes and extending across the inlet opening. This causes diffusion of the steam and prevents a hot spot on the inner tube which might result in cracking the same.

Figures 11 and 12 illustrate one-manner in which heat exchangers according tothis invention can be manifolded together to provide for greater capacity.

In Figure 11 the heat exchanger units, and which may be either heaters or coolers, are indicated at 64 and 66 and they are connected together in multiple by a conduit 68 extending between the inlet ends of the inner tubes.

As shown in Figure 12 the conduit 68 could have a branch extending laterally therefrom to be connected with other heat exchanger units. In this manner as many units can be manifolded together as is necessary to provide for the desired capacity.

It will be understood that the treating fluid could be passed through the heat exchangers in parallel or in series, depending uponthe exact nature of the heat exchange cycle to be carried out.

In any case it will be evident that the heat exchanger of this invention is ideally adapted for being manifolded in multiple and that none of the advantages which obtain from the novel construction thereof will be lost in any way by this manifolding,

an annular flange surrounding said; inner tube behind its flanged end and having its inner periphery beveled, a first gasket between said annular flange and the end of said outer tube,'

a second gasket between the beveled periphery of said inner flange and the flange on said inner tube, and clamping means engaging the end of said inner tube and forcing it toward the end of said outer tube thereby to compress said gaskets.

3. In a heat exchanger, an outer tube, an inner tube extending completely through said outer tube and having one end with an outwardly extending bevel thereon, an annular flange around said inner tube between said beveled end and the end of said outer 'tube, the inner periphery of said flange being beveled at an angle smaller than the beveled end of said inner tube to provide a space convergent away from the center line of said tube, gasket means between said flange and each of said tubes, clamping means clamping said inner tube against said outer tube,

ing a smaller angle with the center line "of said inner tube than the angle on the flange of said inner tube, gasket means between said flange and the end of said outer tube and between said flanges, and clamping means urging said inner tube toward the end of said outer tube.

It will beunderstood that this invention is sus- I ceptible to modification in order to adapt it to different usages and conditions and, accordingly, it is desired to comprehend such modifications within this invention as may fall within the scope of the appended claims.

We claim:

1. In a heat exchanger, an outer tube, an

inner tube in said outer tube and having one flanged end, said inner tube extending out both ends of said outer tube, sealing means around the unflanged end of said inner tube at one end of said outer tube, and sealing means at the other end of said tubes comprising an'annular flange surrounding said inner tube behind the flanged end thereof and having a beveled surface, a gasket between said flange and the end of said outer tube, other gasket means between the said annular flange and the flanged end of said inner tube, and clamping means for retaining said gaskets tightly compressed.

2. In a heat exchanger, an "outer tube, an inner tube extending through'said ou'ter tube and out both ends thereof and having one end outwardly flanged, sealing means between the other end of said inner tube and the end of said outer tube, and sealing means between said tubes at the flanged end of said inner tube comprising DELBERT E. JACK. I JAMEs M. WILLIAMSON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date Seyfarth Oct. 30, 1900 Mern .Apr. 2, Schneider Feb. 6, Cartault Apr. 23,

Callanan Sept. 9, McFarland Sept. 6, Hiller et a1 July 5, McGrath Nov. 24,

1 Mortensen Apr. 19, Craver Sept. 6, Kline Dec. 4, Forbes "May 19, Haag, Jr Nov. 17, Roath Nov. 24, Woodson May 25,

, Hurford et a1 Nov. 1, Dunn et al. Aug. 25, Graham et al. 1 1 Feb. 8, Wenk Nov. 12, Brown, Jr. Sept. 14, Preston Apr. 11,

FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date Great Britain Dec, 9, 1915 Number 

